港大中文學院

2024/25 School of Chinese Research Student Seminar

孔子語錄的發言者身份研究——從先秦兩漢同文材料出發

Speakers' Identities in Confucius' Sayings: An Analysis Based on Parallel Texts in Early Chinese Literature

Abstract:

傳世與出土的先秦兩漢文獻存在一種現象，即某一段語錄在某文獻中發言者爲孔子，在別的文獻中發言者是其他先秦時期的人。本研究將立足於60則孔子語錄的同文材料，系統討論早期文獻中的這一現象。這些發言者的身份可以分爲四大類：一）孔子弟子及後學；二）儒家以外的其他諸子；三）生活在先秦時期的其他歷史人物；四）未明身份者。筆者結合具體例子分析出現此現象的主要原因，提出我們在剖析這些現象時，須根據文本語境作出具體分析。

In received and excavated early Chinese texts, there exists a phenomenon where a specific saying attributed to Confucius in one literature is attributed to other per-Qin figures in others. The present research systematically analyses the phenomenon based on 60 relevant parallel texts. The speakers in these parallel texts can be categorized into four groups: 1) Confucius’s disciples and their later followers; 2) thinkers from other philosophical schools; 3) historical figures of the pre-Qin period; 4) individuals whose identities are unknown. This study identifies the primary factors contributing to this phenomenon based on specific cases, highlighting that a thorough analysis of this phenomenon requires careful examination of the textual contexts on a case-by-case basis.