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Divergence and Competition in 19th Century Mandarin: From Lǐ Rǔzhēn to Liú Mèngyáng
2016-2017 School of Chinese Seminar 香港大學中文學院講座
19世紀官話的分歧與競爭：從李汝珍到劉孟揚
Divergence and Competition in 19th Century Mandarin:
From Lǐ Rǔzhēn to Liú Mèngyáng
史皓元教授 Professor Richard VanNess Simmons
羅格斯－新澤西州立大學 Rutgers University
時間 Date： 11:00 a.m. – 12:30 p.m., Friday, July 21, 2017
地點 Venue： Room 730, Run Run Shaw Tower, Centennial Campus, HKU
語言 Language: 普通話 Putonghua
清代通行不同種類的官話。十八世紀和十九世紀中國流行著南方和北方兩種官話體系，「南音」和「北音」。例如，清代北京著名白話小說《鏡花緣》的作者李汝珍（1763－1830）在其著作中倡導兼學兩種官話。兼學南北音的這種觀念後來間接影響了1913年第一次定「國音」的過程，以至於國音的第一方案也由於含有南音和北音的各種特點而被貶視為「藍青官話」。普遍被眾人接受的單一普通話的當今時代，使得大家都忘記了清代官話所包含的豐富性。史上語言的多樣性依然迷人，值得回味。
Various versions of Mandarin were prevalent in the Qīng dynasty. They can be roughly classified into a northern and southern form of Mandarin, both of which were widely accepted in China in the 18th and 19th centuries, with both considered to be equally valid and both widely spoken. For example, the scholar Lǐ Rǔzhēn 李汝珍 (c. 1763–1830) a native of Běijīng and author of the novel Jìng huā yuán (鏡花緣) even played the role of advocate for embracing both kinds of Mandarin. This situation created the backdrop for the mixed standard for the first version of the National Pronunciation (Guóyīn 國音) established in 1913 that came to be known as Lánqīng Guānhuà 藍青官話. It is a state of affairs that is largely forgotten today with the general acceptance of a single Mandarin standard throughout the Chinese-speaking world. But the historical embrace of linguistic diversity is fascinating and well worth remembering.
史皓元教授是美國羅格斯－新澤西州立大學亞洲語言文化系終身教授、前系主任。先後至台灣大學和中國社會科學院進修，在美國西雅圖華盛頓州立大學研究生院獲得碩士與博士學位。主要著作有《漢語方言分區的理論與實踐》（英文版1999，中文版，2011）、《江淮官話與吳語邊界的方言地理學研究》（與石汝傑和顧黔合著，2006）、《漢語方言共同音系研究》（與顧黔合著，2014）等書。
Professor Richard VanNess Simmons is Professor of Chinese and Immediate Past Chair of the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University. He holds a Master’s degree in Chinese literature, and a Ph.D. in Chinese linguistics from the University of Washington, Seattle. Simmons’ publications include Chinese Dialect Classification — A Comparative Approach to Harngjou, Old Jintarn, and Common Northern Wu (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999; revision and translation in Chinese–Beijing: Zhonghua, 2011), Chinese Dialect Geography: Distinguishing Mandarin and Wu in Their Boundary Region (Shanghai: Shanghai Education, 2006) and Studies in Chinese and Sino-Tibetan Linguistics: Dialect, Phonology, Transcription and Text (2014).
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